قضیه فوق ‌در مورد مالکیت اولیه آثار کپی رایتی بوده است، ‌در مورد مالیکت اولیه اختراع و… که به ثبت نیازمند است، می توان به مواردی اشاره کرد که طی آن، دادگاه عالی ژاپن، دیدگاه محدودی را در قضایای حقوقی بی بی سی ^[۲۲۷]و کارد خوان ها ^[۲۲۸] اتخاذ کرد است.

اصول ماکس پلانک قاعده قانون کشوری را که حمایت برای آن در خواست شده است، مطلق نمی بیند و فرضی را که این امر با واقعیات محسوس، همخوانی نداشته باشد و لازم آید تا قانون کشور دیگری حاکم بر قضیه گردد پذیرفته است و در بند ۲ ماده ۳:۲۰۱، گفته است : در صورتی که قضیه ارتباط ‌‌نزدیک‌تری با کشوری که بر اساس قراردادِ طرفین، اثر به شرط اجاره برای آن (کشور) ساخته شده یا انتقال یا اجازه بهره برداری اقتصادی از آن (اثر فکری)انحصارا برای آن(کشور) درنظر گرفته شده است، ‌در مورد مالکیت هم می توان قانون همین کشور را ( که دارای ارتباط نزدیک تری است) ملاک قرار داد.

استفاده از ضابطه کشور دادگاهی که دارای نزدیک ترین ارتباط با قضیه است، همواره راهکاری مناسب برای تعدیل قواعد حل تعارض است و می توان به انحاء مختلف، این مورد را در قضایا و قوانین مشاهده کرد : د ر آمریکا ‌در مورد حقوق مالکیت فکری که نیازمند به ثبت نیست، باید قائل به حکومت قانون کشوری بود که بیشترین ارتباط را با قضیه دارد، در یک قضیه ^[۲۲۹]مشهور،

1. 1. Oxford dictionary of law , FIFTH EDITION , page 256, Private international law (conflict of laws) : The part of the national law of a country that establishes rules for dealing with cases volving a foreign element (i.e. contact with some system of foreign law). For example, if a contract is made in England but is to be fulfilled abroad, will be necessary to decide which law governs the validity of the contract. This is known as the question of choice of law. Generally, nder the Rome Convention (1980; in force from 1 April 1991), the parties’ choice of law in a written contract is respected; rules are set down in he Convention stating which laws apply if the parties to the contract have not made a choice. Sometimes the courts must also decide whether or not they have jurisdiction to hear the case and whether or not to recognize a foreign judgment (such as a divorce obtained abroad). ↑

1. 1. Oxford dictionary of law , FIFTH EDITION , page 256, intellectual property: Intangible property that includes patents, trade marks, copyright, and registered and unregistered design rights ↑

1. 1. Ulmer ↑

1. 1. .R. Dreyfuss, ‘An Alert to the Intellectual Property Bar: The Hague Judgments Convention’,University of Illinois Law Review (2001), p. 421 ↑

1. 1. Rochelle C. Dreyfuss,Jane Ginsburg and François Dessemontet ↑

1. 1. The American Law Institute, Intellectual Property: Principles Governing Jurisdiction, Choice of Law andJudgments in Transnational Disputes, (ALI Publishers, 2008) ↑

1. 1. R. Dreyfuss, ‘The American Law Institute Project on Intellectual Property: Principles Governing Jurisdiction,Choice of Law and Judgments in Transnational Disputes’, in S. Leible and A. Ohly, eds., Intellectual Property and

      Private International Law, (Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck 2009), pp. 15-30. ↑

1. 1. Regulation (EC) No 593/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the lawapplicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), [2008] OJ L 177/6. ↑

1. 1. Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the lawapplicable to non-contractual obligatifons (Rome II), [2007] OJ L 199/40. ↑

1. 1. Green Paper on the Review of the Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 on Jurisdiction and the Recognitionand Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (21.4.2009), COM(2009) 175 final ↑

1. 1. Jürgen Basedow, Dr. Dr.jur.h.c. Dr.rer.pol.h.c., LL.M. (Harvard), Director at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law and Professor of Law, University of HamburgGraeme Dinwoodie, J.S.D. (Columbia), LL.M. (Harvard), Professor of Intellectual Property and Information Technology Law, University of Oxford

      Josef Drexl, Dr.iur., LL.M. (Berkeley), Director at the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law and Professor of Law, University of Munich

      Mireille van Eechoud, Ph.D., Associate Professor, University of Amsterdam

      Jean-Christophe Galloux, Ph.D., LL.M. (European University Institute), Professor of Intellectual Property Law, University Panthéon-Assas(Paris)

      Christian Heinze, Dr.jur., LL.M. (Cambridge), Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law

      Annette Kur, Dr.iur., Dr.phil.h.c., Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law and Associate Professor of Law, University of Stockholm, Honorary Professor of Law, University of Munich

      Axel Metzger, Dr.iur., LL.M. (Harvard), Professor of Civil Law, Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Private International Law, University of Hanover

      Pedro Alberto de Miguel Asensio, Dr.iur., LL.M. (Amsterdam), Professor of Private International Law, University Complutense de Madrid

      Alexander Peukert, Dr.iur., Professor of Civil Law, Commercial and Intellectual Property Law, University of Frankfurt

      Paul Torremans, Professor of Intellectual Property Law, University of Nottingham ↑

1. 1. J. Drexl & A. Kur (eds.), Intellectual Property and Private International Law – Heading for the Future (2005), 309 – ۳۳۴٫ ↑

1. 1. European Max Planck Group on Conflicts of Law in Intellectual Property (CLIP). ↑

1. 1. Principles of Private International Law on Intellectual Property Rights(Joint Proposal Drafted by Members of the Private International Law Association of Korea and Japan) ↑

1. 1. Waseda University Global COE Project October 14, 2010 ↑